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11+ Maths Guide · Year 5–6 · Free course

Algebra: The Complete Guide for Ages 9–11

Everything your child needs for a confident start in algebra — 12 short visual lessons from ‘letters are mystery boxes’ to two-step equations and the nth term. Each lesson takes about 3 minutes and comes with a printable cheat sheet.

🔤 Why algebra matters

Algebra is the language of secondary maths — and children who meet it gently at primary age walk into Year 7 confident instead of scared. It also sharpens the inverse-operations thinking behind all arithmetic.

🏫 What children learn in Year 6

Simple formulae, expressing missing-number problems algebraically, sequences, and finding pairs of unknowns. Our A7 and A9 lessons stretch into 11+ territory with two-step equations and the nth term.

🎯 Built for 11+ preparation

Every lesson flags the classic traps — 3n read as 34, undoing in the wrong order, 2a + 3b 'equals' 5ab — in a ‘Watch Out!’ section.

The learning path

Work through the lessons in order — each one builds on the last.

1
What Is Algebra?
Algebra made friendly: letters are mystery boxes with names.
2
Function Machines
Solve function machine puzzles forwards and backwards with inverse operations.
3
Writing Expressions
Turn words into algebra: n + 5, 3n, n − 2.
4
Substitution
Substitute values into expressions: 3n + 2 with n = 4 is 14, never 342-style digit gluing.
5
Simplifying Expressions
Collect like terms to simplify: 3a + 2a = 5a, and why 2a + 3b won't combine.
6
One-Step Equations
Solve x + 7 = 12 and 3x = 15 with inverse operations and the balance idea.
7
Two-Step Equations
Solve two-step equations with inverse operations in reverse order.
8
Sequences
Spot term-to-term rules.
9
The nth Term
Find the nth term from the gap and adjustment.
10
Formulae
Use formulas like C = 3 + 2m and P = 2(l + w) forwards and backwards.
11
Bar Models for Unknowns
Solve 'together they have…' problems with bar models.
12
Algebra Problem Solving
'I think of a number…' puzzles and sum-and-difference problems, translated and solved.

Printable cheat sheets

One-page summaries of every method — print them and keep them by your child's desk.

📄 What Is Algebra?Printable cheat sheet (PDF)📄 Function MachinesPrintable cheat sheet (PDF)📄 Writing ExpressionsPrintable cheat sheet (PDF)📄 SubstitutionPrintable cheat sheet (PDF)📄 Simplifying ExpressionsPrintable cheat sheet (PDF)📄 One-Step EquationsPrintable cheat sheet (PDF)📄 Two-Step EquationsPrintable cheat sheet (PDF)📄 SequencesPrintable cheat sheet (PDF)📄 The nth TermPrintable cheat sheet (PDF)📄 FormulaePrintable cheat sheet (PDF)📄 Bar Models for UnknownsPrintable cheat sheet (PDF)📄 Algebra Problem SolvingPrintable cheat sheet (PDF)

Frequently asked questions

What order should my child learn algebra in?

Follow the numbered path: the mystery-box idea and function machines first, then expressions and substitution, then equations, sequences and formulae, finishing with word problems.

What ages are these algebra lessons for?

Ages 9–11 (Year 6 in England), with clearly-marked stretch lessons for 11+ preparation. Confident younger children can start with function machines.

Are these lessons free?

Yes — all 12 lessons and printable cheat sheets are completely free. The MindBlaze app adds daily practice and rewards.

Is algebra really on the primary curriculum?

Yes — Year 6 in England includes simple formulae, sequences and missing-number problems expressed algebraically. Two-step equations and the nth term go slightly beyond, and are marked as stretch.

What's the most common algebra mistake?

Reading 3n with n = 4 as 34 instead of 12 — treating letters as digits rather than numbers. Lesson A4 tackles it head-on.

🛡️ Curriculum aligned⭐ Builds confidence💜 Made for 9–13 year olds
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