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11+ Non-Verbal Reasoning · Year 5–6 · Free lesson

Shape Codes

AX, AY, BX — the letters aren't random: each position controls one dial. Comparing figures that share a letter reveals what it means, and the mystery figure codes itself.

N10Shape Codes
Letters that label the dials.
Shape codes attach letters to properties: crack which letter controls which dial.
Crack the code.
AX
AY
BX
A/B = shape (triangle/square) · X/Y = shading (white/black)
Compare figures sharing a letter — whatever they share is what that letter means.
1

Learn the 3-Step Method

1Compare same-first-letter figures.

AX and AY are both triangles → the first letter codes SHAPE (A = triangle).

A = triangle

2Compare same-second-letter figures.

AX and BX are both white → the second letter codes SHADING (X = white).

X = white

3Code the mystery figure.

A black square: square → B, black → Y → code BY.

→ BY
💡 Key IdeaLetters are arbitrary labels — A doesn't 'mean' anything until the figures define it. Always derive, never assume.
2

Worked Example

Given the codes above, what is the code for this figure?

Shape dial
square → first letter B
Shading dial
black → second letter Y
✓ Code
BY
3

Watch Out! Common Mistakes

Assuming letter meanings.

Derive, don’t guess! In another question A might mean shading. Only the example figures define the letters — read them every time.

Cracking one letter and guessing the other.

Both dials! Confirm the second letter with its own comparison pair — half-cracked codes produce confident wrong answers.

Missing a third letter.

Harder papers add one! Three-letter codes add a dial (often size or rotation). Same method: compare figures sharing each position.

Cheat Sheet

SHAPE CODES
  1. Compare figures sharing the first letter → its dial.
  2. Compare figures sharing the second letter → its dial.
  3. Derive every letter from the examples given.
  4. Apply the cracked code to the new figure.
Example: A=triangle, B=square, X=white, Y=black → black square = BY.
📄 Free printable: Download the Shape Codes cheat sheet (PDF) — keep it by your child's desk.

Quick summary

Frequently asked questions

How do shape code questions work?

Example figures come with letter codes; each letter position encodes one property (shape, shading, size). Comparing figures that share a letter reveals its meaning.

What's the safest cracking method?

Pair up figures sharing the first letter and note what else they share — that's the first dial. Repeat for each letter position independently.

Do codes ever have three letters?

Yes, on harder papers — a third dial like size or rotation joins. The comparison method scales: crack each position with its own pair.

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