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11+ Verbal Reasoning · Year 5–6 · Free lesson

Analogies

Puppy is to dog as kitten is to cat — because both pairs share one bridge: baby to adult. Speaking the bridge sentence before reading the options defeats every association trap the 11+ sets.

V7Analogies
Find the relationship, then reuse it.
Analogies map a relationship from one pair onto another: puppy is to dog as kitten is to cat.
A is to B as C is to ?
puppy → dog (baby → adult)
kitten → cat (same relationship)
Say the relationship as a sentence BEFORE looking at the options.
1

Learn the 3-Step Method

1Build the bridge sentence.

‘A puppy is a baby dog.’ The relationship is baby → adult.

bridge sentence

2Reuse the exact bridge.

‘A kitten is a baby ___’ → cat. Same sentence, new pair.

same bridge

3Keep the direction.

hand → glove is body-part → its covering; so foot → sock, never sock → foot.

direction matters
💡 Key IdeaCommon bridges: baby→adult · part→whole · object→user · tool→job · word→synonym/antonym · the options can't confuse you once the bridge is spoken.
2

Worked Example

Bird is to nest as bee is to: sting, hive, honey, wing?

Bridge
‘A bird LIVES IN a nest.’
Reuse
‘A bee lives in a ___’ — sting? honey? no…
✓ Answer
hive
3

Watch Out! Common Mistakes

Association instead of relationship.
bee → honey ✕

Related isn’t the relationship! Bees make honey, but the bridge was LIVES IN → hive.

Reversing the direction.
foot is to sock as hand is to… arm ✕

Keep the arrow! Body part → covering: hand → glove.

Vague bridges.

‘They go together’ isn’t a bridge! Force a precise sentence — lives in, is a baby, is used to cut — before touching the options.

Cheat Sheet

ANALOGIES
  1. Say the first pair's relationship as a full sentence.
  2. Reuse the exact sentence on the second pair.
  3. Keep the direction of the arrow.
  4. Beware associations that ignore the bridge (bee→honey).
Example: bird LIVES IN nest → bee lives in hive.
📄 Free printable: Download the Analogies cheat sheet (PDF) — keep it by your child's desk.

Quick summary

Frequently asked questions

How do you solve analogy questions?

Turn the first pair into a bridge sentence ('a bird lives in a nest'), then apply the same sentence to the second item — 'a bee lives in a hive'.

What's the most common analogy mistake?

Choosing an associated word instead of the one matching the relationship — honey relates to bees, but the lives-in bridge demands hive.

What bridges appear most in the 11+?

Baby→adult, part→whole, object→its user, tool→its job, word→synonym and word→antonym cover most questions.

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